📗 Tajweed Module: Makharij al-Huruf (Articulation Points)

The Arabic letters are pronounced from specific points in the mouth and throat. Learning these articulation points is essential for proper Quran recitation.

Diagram showing the five major articulation points: Al-Halq, Al-Lisaan, Ash-Shafatayn, Al-Khayshoom, and Al-Jawf.

1. Al-Halq (الحَلْق) — The Throat

Letters: ء ه — ع ح — غ خ

Description: These letters come from the upper, middle, and lower throat.

2. Al-Lisaan (اللِّسَان) — The Tongue

Letters: ت د ط — ث ذ ظ — س ز ص — ش — ج — ق — ك — ل — ن — ر

Description: The tongue produces most Arabic letters from different areas.

3. Ash-Shafatayn (الشَّفَتَيْن) — The Lips

Letters: ف — ب م

Description: The lips produce sounds by closing or narrowing.

4. Al-Khayshoom (الخَيْشُوم) — The Nasal Passage

Letters: Ghunnah (ن / م with shaddah)

Description: The nasal cavity produces the ghunnah sound.

5. Al-Jawf (الجَوْف) — The Empty Space

Letters: Long vowels: ا — و — ي

Description: The long vowels come from the open space of the mouth and throat.

📗 Detailed Breakdown: Makharij al-Huruf (Articulation Points)

Each Arabic letter is pronounced from a specific point in the mouth, throat, or nasal passage. Mastering these points ensures correct Quran recitation.

1. Al-Halq (الحَلْق) — The Throat

The throat has three levels, each producing two letters.

Lower Throat: ء — ه
Example: أَمَنَ، هُوَ
Middle Throat: ع — ح
Example: عَلِمَ، حَقّ
Upper Throat: غ — خ
Example: غَفُور، خَيْر

2. Al-Lisaan (اللِّسَان) — The Tongue

The tongue produces the majority of Arabic letters from 10 distinct areas.

Deep Back of Tongue: ق
Example: قَالَ
Back of Tongue: ك
Example: كِتَاب
Middle Tongue: ج — ش — ي
Example: جَمَل، شَمْس، يَد
Sides of Tongue: ل
Example: لَبَن
Tip of Tongue (near gums): ن
Example: نُور
Tip of Tongue (slightly behind): ر
Example: رَحْمَة
Tip of Tongue (touching teeth): ت — د — ط
Example: تَابَ، دِين، طِفْل
Tip of Tongue (between teeth): ث — ذ — ظ
Example: ثَوْب، ذَهَب، ظِلّ
Whistling Letters: س — ز — ص
Example: سَمَك، زَهْرَة، صَبَاح

3. Ash-Shafatayn (الشَّفَتَيْن) — The Lips

The lips produce three letters.

Bottom lip + upper teeth: ف
Example: فِيل
Both lips together: ب — م
Example: بَاب، مَسْجِد

4. Al-Khayshoom (الخَيْشُوم) — The Nasal Passage

This area produces the ghunnah (nasal sound).

Letters: ن — م (especially with shaddah)
Example: إِنَّ، ثُمَّ

5. Al-Jawf (الجَوْف) — The Empty Space

The open space of the mouth and throat produces the long vowels.

ا — as in قَالَ
و — as in يَقُول
ي — as in قِيل